Rakesh Garhwal

Why in News • Recently, the Union Cabinet cleared a proposal to bring uniformity in the marriageable age of men and women. •By amending the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (PCMA), 2006 and other personal  law, the legal age of marriage of women will be raised rom 18 to 21 years. •The decision is based on the recommendation of a four-member task force led by  former Samata Party chief Jaya Jaitly. •The SC has power under Article 139A to transfer to itself, cases involving the same  or substantially the same questions of law pending before two or more high courts. • It has been argued that the different ages for marriage violated the  fundamental rights of equality (Article 14), protection against discrimination  (Article 15), and dignity of life (Article 21) of citizens and went against India’s  commitment under the convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination  against women (CEDAW). Note: •The task force was set up to re-examine the age o...

Join Telegram Channel Why in News According to the National Election Watch (NEW) and Association of Democratic Reforms (ADR), in the Assembly elections in Assam, Kerala, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, at least 1,157 out of 6,318 candidates have criminal cases against them. •NEW is a nationwide campaign since 2002 comprising more than 1200 Non- governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other citizen led organizations working  together on electoral reforms, improving democracy and governance in India. •ADR is an Indian NGO established in 1999 situated in New Delhi. Key Points •About: • The criminalization of politics means the participation of criminals in politics  which includes that criminals can contest in the elections and get elected as  members of the Parliament and the State legislature. It takes place primarily  due to the nexus between politicians and criminals. Legal Aspect of Disqualification of Criminal Candidates •In this regard, Indian Constitution ...

Why in News: In a recent reply in the Parlaiment, the government disclosed that between 1 st April and 30th November, 2015, 25,357 cases were registered under police category which included 111 deaths in police custody, 330 cases of custodial torture and 24,916 in others. •This data again lays emphasis on the need to make police accountable and carry  out police reforms. Key Points •Police Reforms (Meaning): • Police reforms aim to transform the values, culture, policies and practices of  police organizations. • It envisages police to perform their duties with respect for democratic values,  human rights and the rule of law. • It also aims to improve how the police interact with other parts of the security  sector, such as the courts and departments of corrections, or executive,  parliamentary or independent authorities with management or oversight  responsibilities. • Police come under the state list of schedule 7 of the Indian constitution. Issues Concern...

Constitution is a set of document written or unwritten by which governance of a country can be carried out. Need of the Constitution: 1. It brings together people from different groups such as religion, society, philosophy etc. 2. It set the basic structure of the governing machinery of the country such as Legislature, Executive and Judiciary and maintain thier balacne. 3. It defines the power of the government and set limit to it extent. 4. It provide a basic set of rights to the citizens against the tyranny of the government, in order to bring wholesome psycho-social development of the people. 5. It provides the bedrock platform for the democracy to thrive, which is in essence is very basic need to have the constitution. Thus, constitution is very much needed for justice, liberty, equality, fraternity, freedom, ideals which are enshrined in the preamble of the Indian constitution.

Urbanisation:  Urbanisation is the population shift from villages or rural areas to urban areas. Urban areas are important towns in terms of administration, employment, trade, commerce etc. Good/Pros: 1. Urban areas provide more employment opportunities. For example cities like Bangalore have become epicentre of IT sector in India 2. Cities are the hub of education, be it secondary school or higher education.  3. Cities are equipped with more efficient basic amenities like water, electricity, health etc  4. Caste identities and stereotypes are less dominant in urban areas as compared to rural areas.  5. Urban areas have better connectivity through roads and bridges, flyover etc  and transport facilities including roadways, railways, Airways and even waterways in some cases. 6 All tourist and pilgrim centres like Varanasi, Goa etc have urbanization due to high footfall. Bad/Cons: 1. All the cities are given birth at the cost of loss of habitat and deforestation....

Economic slowdown in India:  India's plan to become 5 trillion dollar economy by 2024 could be little late due to the economic slowdown because ofcovid-19. During the first quarter of 2020-21, India's GDP reduced by -23.9 % which is lowest in world. Once a fastest growing economy in the world, is in a great thread due to economic slowdown.   2019-20 India's economic growth was 4.2 % against 6.1 % in 2018-19 and after 2 months lock down due to covid pandemic contract its economy by 5.9 % in 2020.  According to World Bank, India is at high risk. India has largest number of young population but 41 lakh youth lost their jobs in last six months.  Indian government has taken various steps like cutting tax rates and Aatm nirbhar Bharat abhiyan launched to become self dependent, Additional funds in MANREGA scheme to provide employment to migrant workers who returned to their homes, Investment on infrastructurecetc.  Investors could help India to regain its fastest ...

Farmer suicides in India   "If agriculture fails , everything else will fail"-  MS swaminathan  India is a country where 70% of its population directly or indirectly depends on the agriculture for livelihood but the life of the farmers is full of uncertainty and and often ends up in suicides. Since 2013  almost 12000 suicide were recorded in the agriculture sector. Farmer suicides in India accounts to almost 11% of all suicides in the country , among them the 7 States Viz Maharashtra ,Andhra Pradesh, telangana ,Tamilnadu, Chhattisgarh ,MP and Karnataka calculates 87% of the total farmer suicides. Maharashtra being the most affected state. Punjab the most benefited state from green revolution also has a unpleasant data.  There are many reasons which are responsible for farmer suicides. 1.  Increase in input cost which increases burden on farmers and they need to take loans . as per NCRB National crime record bureau 2474 out of 3000 farmer suicides had unpaid...

Impact of technology on Jobs : Advancement in Technology raises the  productivity,efficiency and safety to a level which is not achievable by humans. With the advancement of technology, industry experts want skilled workers who can compete in today's fast growing industry. Various training programs with a curriculum which makes youth more Professional Employment are organised by companies. Technology increase the productivity and hence reducing the burden on workers.   Formation of new companies provides more employment to the unemployed skilled individuals. Technology saves time  as we know day by day competition in the national and international market increases, we need to work more and more to overcome this shortage of time for doing large task. Technology made all the things easier and available, for example ATM machines for easy transactions. Advancement in technologhy also contribute in the growth of economy. the Rapid rate of growth can be achieve...

Cryptocurrency is digital currency that allows transaction to remain anonymous while confirming the transaction is valid. It is type of peer-to-peer transaction in which blockchain technology is used. These are becoming common like Bitcoin, litecoin are frequently used at international market.  Facebook also launched its own cryptocurrency Libra. In Modern era importance of digital currency is increasing day by day because of various reasons. The most important one is-  Its easy access and global recognition. It promote decentralized system of currency which can be accessed globally. In addition to this, it is digital currency so it's market remains same worldwide. It facilitates quick transaction which hardly take few minutes and personal details are not disclosed or shared that's why it can be an important tool for E-Commerce. Countries like Japan legalized Bitcoin as a currency and India is also attempting to introduce its own cryptocurrency called Lakshmi. Besi...

Recently, on 29 July 2020, Government of India has approved New Education policy:2020. The draft national education policy 2020 by a panel headed by former ISRO chief K Kasturirangan was approved by the Union Cabinet. It was third time when education policy has been changed, it has been introduced first time in 1968 and then 1986. In constitution of India, Education is a fundamental right under article 21. Union Cabinet has approved the new national education policy 2020 with an aim to introduce several changes in the Indian education system from the school to college level . HRD ministry has been renamed as Ministry of Education under the new education policy  Vocational education will be added from class 6 onwards in new National curriculum Framework will be created with ECE schools teachers and adult education will be linked board exams will be divided into two sections  Life skills will be added to children's report card  In higher education, multiple entry and exit o...

Trade war and its impact on global economy: Trade war is a situation where two or more countries try to destroy the trade between them by imposing restriction. Trade war is an economic battle between countries where they levy additional taxes on each others products exports in order to protect their on Economy. A trade war happens when one country retaliates against another by raising import tariffs or placing restrictions on the other countries imports.   Trade war does have its own advantages and disadvantages as well. It promotes local job growth and  it will also increase demand for domestic goods and protect nations with un-ethical trade policies, on the other hand It increase costs and it will also slows down economic growth. It hurts diplomatic relations and cultural exchange between nations. Due to trade war various Nations have moved towards protecting their economy to tackle the race of International Trade like in India various programs like make in India...

Cashless Economy (Defination):  The cashless economy refer to the flow of currency through electronic channels such as debit /credit card, internet banking, mobile banking, point of sales (PoS) etc.  The caseless economic activity usually happens in three different modes namely mobile or e-wallet,  plastic money, internet banking. Benefits of cashless economy:  1. Transparency and efficiency : it make your transactions efficient and transparent. 2. Save money and time: One can transfer money from anywhere and anytime.  3. It also provides  facilities like online shopping and online education. 4. It helps to remove black money from the Indian economy. It also remove the middleman and help to deposit subsidiary Benefits directly into citizens account. 5. Young population:  As per Census 2011 75% of Indian population is below 45 years of age. This young generation is very sensitive to to environment and prefer this fast and smooth transaction,...

Candidate 1. Good morning everyone . Today we are going to discuss a most important topic that is suicide by young people.The suicide rate in this age group between 15-29 is the highest among others because it's an age of adolescence where you practically meet with the bitter reality of the society. Candidate 2. I am totally agree with Candidate 1. suicide rate in this age group between 15-29 is the highest among others because it's an age of adolescence where you practically meet with the bitter reality of the society. Candidate 3.  According to me suicides rates are increasing because if less opportunities whether in govt or private sector. .population is so high that not everyone get chance to work, n face many rejections and unable to handle stress.end up in suicide.  Candidate 4.  The sucide rate is increasing among young people they become depress due to failures And challenges of life. Candidate 5.  Good Morning Everyone  From my point of view suicid...

Should internet freedom be sacrificed for national security? Internet plays an important role in an individual’s life. This role is further increased due to the current corona pandemic. There’s no doubt in the fact that without internet, life cannot be imagined in today’s era. The one benefit which we have over our forefathers is the gift of technology. It helps us in a number of ways such as listening music, accessing different study material at one click. One can do shopping in minutes without wasting his precious time. Internet saves one’s time and help him in enjoying his life to the fullest. There are also individual who cannot enjoy this gift due to server all reasons. Under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, every individual has the right to life. Right to life does not mean a mere animal existence, it includes a healthy environment, quality education, proper services, etc. Our apex court, in a number of cases has expanded the scope of Article 21. Recently, the honourable ap...

Self introduction is a part of Airforce Phase2 testing.  First of all you will be given an unseen passage. You will be given 5 Minute (Approx) time to read it out. You have to tell the Topic or Title of this passage while introducing yourself. You will be given Approx 1-1.5 minutes to introduce yourself and after it discussion will start with your group members.  How you can give your Introduction: - ‘Hello sir (Good morning/ Afternoon/Evening). I am…………… (Your Full name). My Father's name is Mr/Late Shri…………. (Your Father name) and he is a ………. (father occupation). My mother's name is Mrs/Late Smt………. (Your Mother Name) and She is a ………. (Mother Occupation). I have…… sisters or brothers.(If all are younger than you pls mention). I have complete 12th or higher secondary education with ## percentage from (Name of educational board) And currently I am persuing (current education) from (Name of college). Complete introduction within 30-35 sec.  During introductio...

Women Empowerment- •India is a nation that contains a plethora of cultures, traditions, races, religions, etc. However, India is also known for its dominant male society. Women are considered a goddess in our scriptures and religions but in reality; she has been deprived of her fundamental rights from the centuries.  •Now, things are changing. India, after Independence, has taken significant steps to fill the gender gaps existing in our society for centuries. • Indian constitution provides Right to Equality, employment opportunity, equal pay for equal work, etc. It puts more emphasis on the dignity of women and has several provisions like maternity relief to maintain a gender-sensitive environment at the workplace. Government has started schemes like 'Janani Suraksha Yojana' and 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' to better health care facilities and education for this section of society.  ◆In the past few decades, the government has expanded the definitions of terms ...

Candidate 1. Good morning to everyone As per my opionion the major region behind the challenges in north eastern states is the socio econimic and political issues are there. If we talk about the development, they are very less developed in campare to other states. There policies are not up to the mark ,political party and members are not that much vibrant to enhace the livelihood of the people. As that area is very imp to india still we are not focusing on it that much. Immigration from near by countries like bangladesh is also a big deal.  Candidate 2.  Mainly Insurgency is the biggest prob NE is facing 2nd... Illegal immigration ...  As border is porous , states sharing border with Myanmar, bangladsh and China... Due to the  porous border.l, it become easy for insurgents to enter into our country and create disturbance 3rd. Also there have always been border disputes among the region. Candidate 3.  Giving special status to these states have both positives and ...

Tips to Crack Airforce Phase2 Group Discussion Easily Group Discussion  is a part of Airforce Phase2 exam. A group of 12 to 15 candidates assembled to discuss on any given topic. Normally one Airforce officer and one or two Airmen available through out the exam to check the Candidates.  I It generally happens after the  Psychology test   or SRT and DFT test  during Phase2. There is a saying that, the first impression is the last impression so you need to put your best foot forward as this is the first time that selectors would be seeing your personality. The following article discusses some of the important tips for Group Discussion during Phase2 exam. What is Group Discussion? Group Discussion is an informal discussion between the candidates to check their performance as an individual and a team player. The Group Discussion is an excellent way by which the assessor is able to judge the knowledge of a candidate on issues related to current trends and happening a...

Get Complete details about Situation Reaction Test for Airforce Interview. Here we will discuss some important tips to crack the Situation Reaction Test. Situation Reaction Test What is SRT? Situation Reaction Test (SRT) is a part of Airforce Phase2 and conducted before Group Discussion. It is a kind of psychological tests. One has to score well in SRT to crack Airforce Phase2. The situations that are mentioned in the test are pertaining to day-to-day life problems which a person may encounter and based on those situations a response is demanded. You have to select any one response out of 04 options and answering of each SRT is compulsory. The response is then tested to check the personally that Aspirants having. A candidate's way of responding shows his common sense, sense of time, ability to reason, maturity, and empathy. The procedure of SRT: Each candidate is given a booklet which consists of 45 Situations with blanks. There are a total of 45 Situations that are to be answered ...

As soon as GD is open for Discussion: Candidate 1.  Technology  helps us to engage with social media . As we known various places in rural as well as urban area many people who are on Facebook and tiktok they devote their time to these app due to which they won't move out from their home. Various bollywood and hollywood actress keep pleasing other to follow norms and  it also motivate peoples to stay at home. Candidate 2.  Technology helps us to maintain an online database of the citizens , it helps a lot now and the relief is directly transferred to the people without any hassle and its fast too. Candidate 3. Video conferencing is the primary way to connect with each other now, Classes are being conducted online, Courts are hearing cases in conferences ,Whole IT sector is working from home, This had only been possible because of our robust internet infrastructure and private players have done a tremendous job maintaining the quality of it, But there have been some r...