Rakesh Garhwal

Circulatory system "Circulation means" anything which moves around. The system that contains the heart and the blood vessels and moves blood throughout the body . This system helps tissues get enough oxygen and nutrients, and it helps them get rid of waste products. Circulatory system is of two types  1. open circulatory system-  where there is no blood vessels involved ex- cockroach and 2. closed circulatory system like human being where blood vessels supplies the blood to other organs. This system consists 3 organs 1. blood  2.blood vessels  And most important 3. heart Blood vessels are further divided into two parts  1. arteries 2.veins The discovery of blood circulation system was done by William Harvey. Points to remember: Biological term of the heart is ‘Cardio’. Doctor Who study heart is called cardiologist our heart consist four Chambers  And is of a size of closed fist Atrium are the upper parts and ventricles are there a lower parts heart. It rema...

Why in News • Recently, the Union Cabinet cleared a proposal to bring uniformity in the marriageable age of men and women. •By amending the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (PCMA), 2006 and other personal  law, the legal age of marriage of women will be raised rom 18 to 21 years. •The decision is based on the recommendation of a four-member task force led by  former Samata Party chief Jaya Jaitly. •The SC has power under Article 139A to transfer to itself, cases involving the same  or substantially the same questions of law pending before two or more high courts. • It has been argued that the different ages for marriage violated the  fundamental rights of equality (Article 14), protection against discrimination  (Article 15), and dignity of life (Article 21) of citizens and went against India’s  commitment under the convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination  against women (CEDAW). Note: •The task force was set up to re-examine the age o...

CHIEF OF DEFENCE STAFF   Introduction: Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat and his wife Madhulika Rawat have been confirmed to be among the 13 people who died in the IAF Mi-17V5 helicopter crash near Coonoor in Tamil Nadu. General Bipin Rawat was India's first Chief of Defence Staff. He was appointed for the topmost position in December 2019.   Background: The proposal for setting up a Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) post has been contemplated around 20 years ago after the Kargil war of 1999 by the K. Subrahmanyam committee but it never moved forward due to the absence of political consensus and apprehensions among services. Later in 2012, the Naresh Chandra Committee recommended the appointment of a Permanent Chairman of Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC), but it too never moved. On 15 August 2019, Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his Independence Day speech from the ramparts of Red Fort announced the creation of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) post.  On 31 December 20...

Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA)  Background: At least 13 civilians including a soldier lost their lives during open firing by security troops between Oting and Tiru villages in Nagaland's Mon district on December 4, 2021. The Special Forces in that area were reportedly tipped off by the intelligence agencies about the movement of some terrorists of the NSCN (KY) and ULFA.   History of Nagaland Insurgency: The British annexed Assam in 1826, and in 1881, the Naga Hills too became part of British India. In 1946 Naga National Council (NNC) was formed under the leadership of Angami Zapu Phizo. It declared Nagaland “an independent state” on August 14, 1947. On March 22, 1952, Phizo formed the underground Naga Federal Government (NFG) and the Naga Federal Army (NFA). The Government of India sent in the Army to deal with insurgency and, in 1958, Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act was enacted. The Naga Hills, a district of Assam, was upgraded to a Nagaland state in 1963. On No...

Poshan Abhiyaan   Poshan Abhiyaan, also known as the National Nutrition Mission and launched in 2018 (although the programme was being implemented in 2017) by the Government of  India with the aim of tackling the malnutrition problem prevalent in India.   The chief objective of the mission is to reduce the level enhance the nutritional status of children in the country.   The mission is a multi-ministerial initiative and aims at removing malnutrition from the  country by 2022.   Poshan Abhiyaan is India’s flagship scheme to improve the nu adolescents, children, pregnant women and lactating mothers.   The mission leverages technology and convergence between various modules and  departments.   The term ‘Poshan’ in the name of the programme stands for ‘Prime Minister’s  Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition.   The programme has specific targets for reducing stunting, anaemia, under low birth weight. According to project the ...

What is UAPA?   It is a law aimed at prevention of unlawful activities associations in India. Its main  objective was to make powers available for dealing with activities directed against the  integrity and sovereignty of India   The National Integration Council appointed a Committee on National Integration and  Regionalisation to look into, the aspect of putting reasonable restrictions in the interests  of the sovereignty and integrity of India.   The agenda of the NIC limited itself to communalism, casteism and regionalism and not  terrorism.   Pursuant to the acceptance of recommendations of the Committee, the Constitution  (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963 was enacted to impose, by law, reasonable  restrictions in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India.   The provisions of the UAPA Act contravenes the requirements of the International  Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.   UAPA Imposes rea...

Bhuri Bai a tribal champion  From extracting colour from plants and clay and painting on walls to stroking acrylic  colours on papers, Bhuri Bai is known as the first tribal woman artist to popularise the  art of Pithora painting. Bhuri Bai is an Indian Bhil artist.  Born in Pitol village, it's situated on the border of Madhya Pardesh and Gujrat but pitol  is a village of Jhabua district in Madhya Pradesh, Bhuri Bai belongs to the community of  Bhils, the largest tribal group  She has won many awards including the highest state honour accorded to artists by the  Madhya Pradesh government, the Shikhar Samman. She was awarded India's fourth  highest civilian award the Padma Shri in 2021.  Bhuri, belongs to one of the larg with many awards including Shikhar Samman, Madhya Pradesh’s highest state honour.   Nari Shakti Puraskar (Woman Power Award) is an annual award given by the Ministry of  Women and Child Development of  institutions that w...